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Abuhussain, M (2020) An assessment of the Saudi Residential Buildings Envelope Code under the current and future climate change scenarios: the case for Jeddah in the hot and humid climate region, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Akade, S A (2017) Understanding the impact of culture on project execution in a developing country: an action research study of six international oil and gas companies in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Akinnola, P (2021) Improving project performance on construction projects through stakeholder management-an action research inquiry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aksenova, G (2020) The dark side of ecosystem orchestration: an empirical investigation of building information management in the digital built environment sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al Hawsah, M O (2020) The impact of project sponsors' decisions on the success of projects: An action research study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Ashaikh, M H (1996) Project management in the public sector of Saudi Arabia, problems and solutions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Gathafi, M M (2005) Riskness of time and cost overruns and the effectiveness of risk response measure strategies in the Libyan construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Al-Hachami, Z (2020) Decision making in the oil and gas construction project management: structured VS discretionary, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Omari, T (2004) Stochastic regression modelling of cost and duration overrun of construction projects implemented in Kuwait, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Alattyih, W (2015) Value creation and risk assessment for green building design in Saudi Arabia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aljarman, M (2016) Emerging risk from the application of building information modelling through the life cycle of projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzaed, A (2012) User centered passive building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, A (2015) Uncovering the emerging risks from climate change scenarios and related climate change risk management in the building sector in the UK, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, S (2015) Dynamic simulation of the impact of risk events and risk cost in KSA PPP projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Bassanino, M N (1999) The perception of computer generated architectural images, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Binsarra, F A (2016) Uncovering the structure and the dynamic of information propagation in building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Blyth, K A (2002) A computer model that forecasts the cash flow of building projects at the tender stage using stage payments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Elhag, T M S (2004) Tender price modelling: artificial neural networks and regression techniques, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture & Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Evans, R C (2002) Dynamic cash flow forecasting model for construction contractors, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Feldbauer, R R (2019) Mindful project management: a framework to enhance underperformance managing large hospital builds by incorporating principles adapted from High Reliability Organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Gee, S (2019) The development of an innovative, lean, mobile factory system to manufacture timber frame closed panels in temporary locations for use in the Assembly of Houses in the Affordable Rented Sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gholami, E (2017) Exploiting BIM in energy efficient domestic retrofit: evaluation of benefits and barriers, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gkeredakis, E (2009) Explaining the distinctiveness of coordination through an in-depth study of a major construction project, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Management School, University of Liverpool.

Hepworth, A (2021) Decision-making in immature projects organisational environment: A mental model approach that influences conscientious critical thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Ibrahim, A M (2019) A method to support leadership effectiveness in a construction project organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Jervis, E (2015) Lowering CO2 emissions: a framework for overcoming institutional pressures and diffusing low carbon strategy throughout the construction supply chain, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Khodadadyan, A (2021) Living and future tools for risk assessment: an examination of the possibilities for fusion, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kirkham, R J (2002) A stochastic whole life cycle cost model for a national health service acute care hospital building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kori, S i (2017) BIM business value creation for SME architectural firms in Nigeria using intellectual capital development, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Makwiranzou, C (2019) Building trust and managing risk between the client, consultant, and contractor in traditional and relational construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Morton, R R (1982) The speculative housebuilding industry in the nineteen seventies, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Munir, M (2020) Development of a building information modelling asset value realisation model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Nizam Shaikh, R (2019) BIM-based investigation of total energy consumption in delivering buildings as a product, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

  • Type: Thesis
  • Keywords: energy consumption; optimization; sustainability; plates; building information model; building information modeling; environmental impact; export; interoperability; life cycle; energy use; industry foundation classes; simulation
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.17638/03058978
  • Abstract:
    Considerable efforts have been made to reduce buildings' operational energy use over the last decades, but little attention has been paid to reduce the material, transportation and construction energy. Focusing only on the operation phase forgoes the opportunity to reduce other building-related energy consumption, and even if the environmental impacts arising from construction and transportation are small as compared to the operation phases, its cumulative impact at the national level is of concern. Assessment of the energy associated with the material production, transportation and construction of buildings provides an opportunity for reducing the use of energy and improving sustainability. Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a platform to incorporate sustainability information in the design of buildings. However, interoperability of BIM with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools needs further investigation. Previous research in this area has either partially employed BIM; data was exported from the main BIM authoring tool and then auxiliary tools were utilized to evaluate the model, thereby causing a disconnect between the model and analysis resulting in non-interoperable systems, or has ignored the importance of retaining the LCA results within the BIM environment. To address this issue, this study presents a framework to estimate the embodied energy content within the BIM environment. The implementation of this framework is illustrated by the development of a tool for estimation of material embodied energy, transportation energy and construction energy. Simulation models are created, which can be used as templates for energy optimization during transportation and construction. By analyzing different resource combination scenarios, lower energy consumption can be achieved. The presence of embodied energy results gives way to the potential of sensitivity analysis to optimize the embodied energy content. Therefore, there is a need for a formal and standard definition of embodied energy content in BIM. Such inclusion is necessary to perform related model sharing through main stream BIM data exchange protocols such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). Therefore, this study also proposes an extension of the IFC model to incorporate embodied energy information. Matching the aspects of cost associated with the building elements and processes, a new resource of energy is proposed. Consequently, the abstraction of this energy resource is further embedded by establishing the relationship with other model entities. A prototype tool has been implemented on a case project to establish the workability of the framework.

Raimi, T (2017) Achieving customer satisfaction in a private housing organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Salih, A (2020) Project management information system introduction: Challenges and remedies in a construction context, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Savva, C (2023) Lessons that can be learnt using action research strategies within TfL, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Sujan, S F (2020) A holistic and systemic model of collaboration in the AED industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Sutton, R M (2019) The development of a sustainable construction design process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Tomlinson, J (1998) A premises occupancy cost forecasting model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool.

Wanous, M (2000) A neurofuzzy expert system for competitive tendering in civil engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Wellings, F (2005) The rise of the national housebuilder: A history of British housebuilders through the twentieth century, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Xi, J (2013) Evaluating the functional performance of small-scale public demountable buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Zou, Y (2017) Building information modelling and knowledge-based risk management system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.